Difference between revisions of "Symmetry element"
From Online Dictionary of Crystallography
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| − | <font color="blue">Élément de symétrie</font> (''Fr'') | + | <font color="orange">عنصر التماثل</font> (''Ar''). <font color="blue">Élément de symétrie</font> (''Fr''). <font color="red">Symmetrieelement</font> (''Ge''). <font color="black">Elemento di simmetria</font> (''It''). <font color="purple">対称要素</font> (''Ja''). <font color="green">Elemento de simetría</font> (''Sp''). |
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A '''symmetry element''' (of a given [[crystal pattern|crystal structure]] or object) is defined as a concept with a double meaning, namely the combination of a [[geometric element]] with the set of [[symmetry operation]]s having this geometric element in common (termed its ''element set''). Together with the identity and the translations, for which a geometric element is not defined, the element sets cover all symmetry operations. | A '''symmetry element''' (of a given [[crystal pattern|crystal structure]] or object) is defined as a concept with a double meaning, namely the combination of a [[geometric element]] with the set of [[symmetry operation]]s having this geometric element in common (termed its ''element set''). Together with the identity and the translations, for which a geometric element is not defined, the element sets cover all symmetry operations. | ||
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| + | ==One-dimensional space== | ||
| + | The only symmetry element that exists in this space is the '''reflection point''' (mirror point). | ||
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| + | ==Two-dimensional space== | ||
| + | In this space, two types of symmetry elements exist: | ||
| + | *'''rotation points''' | ||
| + | *'''reflection lines''' (mirror lines) | ||
| + | The inversion centre (point) does not exist in spaces of even number of dimensions. | ||
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| + | ==Three-dimensional space== | ||
| + | In this space, three types of geometric elements exist: | ||
| + | *'''inversion centres''' | ||
| + | *'''rotation axes''' | ||
| + | *'''reflection planes''' (mirror planes) | ||
| + | For roto-inversion operations, the [[geometric element]] is a combination of a line, about which the rotation is performed, and a point ('''inversion point''') with respect to which the inversion is performed. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Latest revision as of 15:02, 30 November 2018
عنصر التماثل (Ar). Élément de symétrie (Fr). Symmetrieelement (Ge). Elemento di simmetria (It). 対称要素 (Ja). Elemento de simetría (Sp).
A symmetry element (of a given crystal structure or object) is defined as a concept with a double meaning, namely the combination of a geometric element with the set of symmetry operations having this geometric element in common (termed its element set). Together with the identity and the translations, for which a geometric element is not defined, the element sets cover all symmetry operations.
Contents
One-dimensional space
The only symmetry element that exists in this space is the reflection point (mirror point).
Two-dimensional space
In this space, two types of symmetry elements exist:
- rotation points
- reflection lines (mirror lines)
The inversion centre (point) does not exist in spaces of even number of dimensions.
Three-dimensional space
In this space, three types of geometric elements exist:
- inversion centres
- rotation axes
- reflection planes (mirror planes)
For roto-inversion operations, the geometric element is a combination of a line, about which the rotation is performed, and a point (inversion point) with respect to which the inversion is performed.
See also
Reference
Wolff, P. M. de, Billiet, Y., Donnay, J. D. H., Fischer, W., Galiulin, R. B., Glazer, A. M., Senechal, M., Shoemaker, D. P., Wondratschek, H., Hahn, Th., Wilson, A. J. C. and Abrahams, S. C. (1989). Acta Cryst. A45, 494−499. Definition of symmetry elements in space groups and point groups. Report of the International Union of Crystallography Ad-hoc Committee on the Nomenclature of Symmetry