Difference between revisions of "Piezoelectricity"
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<Font color="blue"> Piezoélectricité </Font> (''Fr''). <Font color="red"> Piezoelectrizität </Font> (''Ge''). <font color="green">Piezoelectricidad </Font> (''Sp''). | <Font color="blue"> Piezoélectricité </Font> (''Fr''). <Font color="red"> Piezoelectrizität </Font> (''Ge''). <font color="green">Piezoelectricidad </Font> (''Sp''). | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Definition == | ||
| + | |||
| + | Piezoelectricity is the property presented by certain materials that exhibit an electric polarization when submitted to an applied mechanical stress such as a uniaxial compression. Conversely, their shape changes when they are submitted to an external electric field; this is the inverse piezoelectric effect. The piezoelectric effect and the inverse efect are described by third-rank tensors. | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Piezoelectric point groups == | ||
| + | |||
| + | The appearance of piezelectricity is compatible with the symmetry properties of the non-centrosymmetric point groups, with the exception of 432. The 20 piezoelectric point groups are therefore: | ||
| + | |||
| + | 1, 2, ''m'', 222, 2''mm'', | ||
| + | |||
| + | 3, 32, 3''m'', 4, <math>{\bar 4}</math>,422, 4''mm'', <math>{\bar 4}</math>2''m'', 6, <math>{\bar 6}</math>,622, 6''mm'', <math>{\bar 6}</math>2''m'' | ||
| + | |||
| + | 23, <math>{\bar 4}</math>3''m'' | ||
| + | |||
| + | == History == | ||
| + | |||
| + | It is considerations of symmetry that led the brothers Jacques (1855-1941) and Pierre Curie (1859-1906) to the discovery of piezoelectricity on materials such as tourmaline, quartz, boracite, sodium chlorate, Rochelle salt (Curie J. and Curie P., 1880, ''C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris'', '''91''', 294-295, ''Développement, par pression, de l'électricité polaire dans les cristaux hémièdres à faces inclinées''. The inverse piezoelectric effect was predicted by Lippmann G., 1881, ''Ann. Chim. Phy.'' '''24''', 145-178, ''Principe de conservation de l'électricité'' and discovered by Curie J. and P., 1881, ''C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris'', '''93''', 1137-1140 , ''Contractions et dilatations produites par | ||
| + | des tensions électriques dans les cristaux hémièdres à faces inclinées''. | ||
| + | |||
| + | == See also == | ||
| + | |||
| + | Section 10.2 of ''International Tables of Crystallography, Volume A''<br> | ||
| + | Section 1.1.4 of ''International Tables of Crystallography, Volume D'' | ||
| + | |||
| + | ---- | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Physical properties of crystals]]<br> | ||
Revision as of 09:54, 5 March 2006
Piezoélectricité (Fr). Piezoelectrizität (Ge). Piezoelectricidad (Sp).
Definition
Piezoelectricity is the property presented by certain materials that exhibit an electric polarization when submitted to an applied mechanical stress such as a uniaxial compression. Conversely, their shape changes when they are submitted to an external electric field; this is the inverse piezoelectric effect. The piezoelectric effect and the inverse efect are described by third-rank tensors.
Piezoelectric point groups
The appearance of piezelectricity is compatible with the symmetry properties of the non-centrosymmetric point groups, with the exception of 432. The 20 piezoelectric point groups are therefore:
1, 2, m, 222, 2mm,
3, 32, 3m, 4, [math]{\bar 4}[/math],422, 4mm, [math]{\bar 4}[/math]2m, 6, [math]{\bar 6}[/math],622, 6mm, [math]{\bar 6}[/math]2m
23, [math]{\bar 4}[/math]3m
History
It is considerations of symmetry that led the brothers Jacques (1855-1941) and Pierre Curie (1859-1906) to the discovery of piezoelectricity on materials such as tourmaline, quartz, boracite, sodium chlorate, Rochelle salt (Curie J. and Curie P., 1880, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 91, 294-295, Développement, par pression, de l'électricité polaire dans les cristaux hémièdres à faces inclinées. The inverse piezoelectric effect was predicted by Lippmann G., 1881, Ann. Chim. Phy. 24, 145-178, Principe de conservation de l'électricité and discovered by Curie J. and P., 1881, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 93, 1137-1140 , Contractions et dilatations produites par des tensions électriques dans les cristaux hémièdres à faces inclinées.
See also
Section 10.2 of International Tables of Crystallography, Volume A
Section 1.1.4 of International Tables of Crystallography, Volume D