Anomalous absorption

Absorption anomale (Fr). Anomale Absorption (Ge). Absorción anómala (Sp).

Definition

Anomalous absorption takes place when radiation is dynamically diffracted by a perfect or nearly perfect crystal. The optical field in the crystal is then made up by several components, called wavefields, two in the two beam case (neglecting polarization in the X-ray case). One of them is absorbed more than normal and the other one less than normal. In the transmission, or Laue geometry, both wavefields propagates inside the crystal; one then speaks of anomalous transmission for the less absorbed wavefield (Borrmann effect). In the reflection, or Bragg geometry, one wavefield only propagates in the crystal, the more absorbed one for angles of incidence corresponding to one side of the total reflection rocking curve and the less absorbed one for the other side. This results in an asymmetry of the rocking curve.

Physical interpretation

Borrmann (1950) interpreted anomalous absorption by means of the standing waves that are formed by the interference of the incident and reflected waves (Laue 1937, 1941). The nodes and antinodes of these standing waves have the periodicity of the lattice planes. In the transmission geometry (see figure), the nodes lie on the lattice planes for type 1 wavefields, which undergo therefore a quite small absorption, while it is the antinodes that lie on the lattice planes for type 2, which undergo a larger absorption.

In the reflection geometry, the nodes and antinodes shift by half a lattice distance as the crystal is rocked through the rocking curve. On the smaller angle side of the rocking curve it is type 1 wavefields that are excited, the nodes lie on the lattice planes and the absorption is small. On the higher angle side of the rocking curve, it is type 2 wavefields that are excited, the antinodes lie on the lattice planes and the absorption is large.

History

Anomalous absorption was discovered by Borrmann on quartz (Borrmann G., 1941, Über Extinktionsdiagramme der Röntgenstrahlen von Quarz. Physik Z., 42}, 157-162 and calcite crystals (Borrmann G., 1950, Die Absorption von Röntgenstrahlen in Fall der Interferenz. Z. Phys., 127, 297-323) and first interpreted by Laue (Laue, M. von, 1949, Die Absorption der Röntgenstrahlen in Kristallen im Interferenzfall. Acta Crystallogr., 2, 106-113).

See also

Section 5.1 of International Tables of Crystallography, Volume B for X-rays

Section 5.2 of International Tables of Crystallography, Volume B for electrons

Section 5.3 of International Tables of Crystallography, Volume B for neutrons

---