Friedel pair

Paire de Friedel (Fr). Coppia di Friedel (It)

Definition

The couple of reflections h, k, l and [math]{\bar h}, {\bar k}, {\bar l}[/math] is called a Friedel pair, or Bijvoet pair. Their intensities are equal if there is no absorption, but differ otherwise. Friedel's law then does not hold. Generally speaking, when resonant scattering is present, equivalent reflections generated by the symmetry operations of the point group of the crystal have intensities different from those of equivalent reflections generated by the introduction of an additional inversion centre in normal scattering. Friedel, or Bijvoet pairs are used in the resolution of the phase problem for the solution of crystal structures.

History

The use of Friedel's pairs for helping in phase determinations was suggested by Bijvoet J. M., Peerdeman A. F. & van Bommel A. J. (1951), Determination of the absolute configuration of optically active compounds by means of X-rays. Nature (London), 168, 271–272.

See also

Friedel's law
Section 2.4.3 of International Tables of Crystallography, Volume B
Section 4.2.6 of International Tables of Crystallography, Volume C