Geometric element

Élément géométrique (Fr). Geometrische Element (Ge). Elemento geometrico (It). 幾何的要素 (Ja). Elemento geométrico (Sp).

A geometric element is an element in space (plane, line, point, or a combination of these) about which a symmetry operation is performed. Geometric elements are classified on the basis of the dimensionality N of the space on which they act, the upper limit on the dimensionality of the symmetry element being N-1.

One-dimensional space

The only geometric element that exists in this space is the reflection point (mirror point).

Two-dimensional space

In this space, two types of geometric elements exist: zero and one-dimensional:

• rotation points
• reflection lines (mirror lines)

The inversion centre (point) does not exist in spaces of even number of dimensions.

Three-dimensional space

In this space, three types of geometric elements exist: zero, one- and two-dimensional:

• inversion centres
• rotation axes
• reflection planes (mirror planes)

For roto-inversion operations, the geometric element is a combination of a line, about which the rotation is performed, and a point (inversion point) with respect to which the inversion is performed.

See also

• Symmetry element
• Section 1.2.3 of International Tables for Crystallography, Volume A, 6th edition

Reference

Wolff, P. M. de, Billiet, Y., Donnay, J. D. H., Fischer, W., Galiulin, R. B., Glazer, A. M., Senechal, M., Shoemaker, D. P., Wondratschek, H., Hahn, Th., Wilson, A. J. C. and Abrahams, S. C. (1989). Acta Cryst. A45, 494−499. Definition of symmetry elements in space groups and point groups. Report of the International Union of Crystallography Ad-hoc Committee on the Nomenclature of Symmetry