Goldschmidt tolerance factor

Facteur de tolérance de Goldschmidt (Fr). Goldschmidtscher Toleranzfaktor (Ge). Fattore di tolleranza di Goldschmidt (It). Factor de tolerancia de Goldschmidt (Sp).

Goldschmidt's tolerance factor is a dimensionless number that measures the stability and distortion of crystal structures. Originally introduced to describe perovskite structure, tolerance factors are today also used for ilmenite. It can be used to calculate the compatibility of an ion with a crystal structure.

The Goldschmidt tolerance factor (t) is calculated from the ratio of the ionic radii:

[math]t={r_A+r_0 \over \sqrt{2}(r_B+r_0)}[/math]

where r_A is the radius of the A-cation, r_B is the radius of the B-cation and r₀ is the radius of the anion (usually oxygen).

In an ideal cubic perovskite structure the cell parameter a can be calculated from the atomic radii as

[math]a=\sqrt{2}(r_A+r_0)=2(r_B+r_0).[/math]